Prinsip-prinsip Keadilan Wanita dalam Islam: Sebuah Kajian Pra-nikah
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Abstract
Abstrak
Universalitas ajaran Islam termaktub secara jelas dalam nash-nash al-Qur’an dan riwayat-riwayat kenabian. Pengutaraan terbaik dari pesan universal yang dibawa oleh Islam salah satunnya terletak pada perhatian besarnya yang ditujukan kepada individu manusia, tentang prinsip-prinsip keadilan. Salah satu prinsip keadilan yang menaungi hak-hak individu dalam Islam secara sistematis dan luas terangkum dalam tema perkawinan. Pentingnya tema perkawinan (munakahat) yang membahas potensi kesetaraan antara hak-hak yang diterima oleh laki-laki dan wanita menjadi kajian utama hukum Islam, selain tiga pembahasan utama lainnya seperti ibadah, muamalah dan jinayah. Dalam tema perkawinan, prinsip keadilan seakan baru ditemukan pasca terikatnya antara pasangan laki-laki dan wanita dalam peristiwa akad yang sah. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa beberapa fase sebelum itu atau di masa pra-nikah prinsip-prinsip keadilan belum menjadi fokus pembahasan dalam kajian hukum Islam. Berkenaan dengan perspektif terakhir tersebut, perlu kiranya tulisan ini diarahkan kepada kajian pra-nikah yang menelusuri prinsip-prinsip keadilan khususnya yang diterima oleh pihak wanita menjelang memasuki ranah perkawinan.
Abstract
The universality of Islamic teachings wrote clearly in the texts of the Qur'an and prophetic narrations. Best explanation of the universal message of Islam brought by one of them lies in the amount of attention devoted to the individual human being, on the principles of justice. One of the principles of justice which is responsible for individual rights in Islam are systematically and widely summarized in the theme of marriage. The importance of the theme of marriage (munakahat) addresses the potential equality between the rights earned by men and women to be the main study of Islamic law, beside the three other major discussion of such worship, muamalah and jinayah. In the theme of marriage, the principles of justice as if just found after the bound between pairs of men and women in the event of a valid contract. It illustrates the multiple phases before it happen or in pre-marital principles of justice have not becoming a focus discussion in the study of Islamic law. Regarding the latest perspective, we should bear this paper to the study of pre-marital to explore the principles of justice, especially what to receive by the lady in entering the realm of marriage.
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