Integrasi Hukum Islam dan Adat di Kesultanan Bima: Sebuah Perspektif Sejarah dan Hukum Integrating Islamic and Customary Law in the Sultanate of Bima: A Historical and Legal Perspective
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Abstract
This study examines the integration between Islamic law and customary law in the context of the government of the Bima Sultanate, emphasizing how the two legal systems historically shaped the socio-political structure and governance of society. This study uses a historical approach and qualitative methods with literature studies by examining various sources of literature that can be accounted for their validity, such as the Bo’ Sangaji Kai Chronicle, Abdul Gani Abdullah's work on religious justice, and books by Henri Chambert Loir, Alan Malingi, and Muhammad Mutawali. Islamic law and customary law in the Bima Sultanate are seen as two pillars that not only coexist but also complement each other in creating a just legal system accepted by the community. This study highlights the important role of the Syara' Assembly as an institution that integrates Islamic law into the government structure, as well as the position of the Mufti/Qadhi which is parallel to the Ruma Bicara, as a form of strengthening collaboration between religious law and customary law in government. Through harmonizing Islamic values and local wisdom, the Bima Sultanate succeeded in creating an inclusive and just legal system, which was able to answer the social and cultural challenges of the Bima community at that time.
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