Kajian Perangkat Hisab Rukyat Nusantara
Rubu’ Mujayyab dan Astrolabe dalam Hisab Awal Waktu Salat
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Abstract
Abstract
Rukyat Hisab devices are often used in the archipelago society include rubu 'mujayyab and astrolabe. Where both have distinctive characteristic of the principles of astronomy. The start time of prayer based on the particular position of the sun, it could be easily calculated with the tool. Because rubu 'mujayyab function as calculators corner while the astrolabe as the sky map projection. In this study discusses how the use rubu 'mujayyab and astrolabe in the early reckoning prayer times as well as how the results of the comparison. This writing uses qualitative research with descriptive approach. Data collection through field research method that is using rubu 'mujayyab and astrolabe as the main instrument carried by the experimental method. The primary data obtained directly from the tool of rubu 'mujayyab, astrolabe and the data of the practice, while secondary data derived from the literature relating to the object of research. Analytical techniques such as descriptive analysis method and comparative analysis method. Based on the practice field, the study found that the method of calculation used rubu 'mujayyab has quite long calculation process, while using the astrolabe is relatively short. Both of which are classified in taqribi hisab. Comparison between rubu 'mujayyab and astrolabe with reference ephemeris have different time between 1-4 minutes for rubu' and 1-3 minutes for the astrolabe.
Abstraksi
Perangkat Hisab Rukyat yang sering digunakan di kalangan masyarakat Nusantara yakni rubu’ mujayyab dan astrolabe. Dimana keduanya memiliki ciri konsep yang khas dalam prinsip-prinsip astronomi. Awal waktu salat yang didasarkan pada posisi matahari tertentu, maka sesungguhnya dapat diperhitungkan dengan alat tersebut. Karena rubu’ mujayyab berfungsi sebagai alat hitung sudut sedangkan astrolabe sebagai proyeksi peta langit. Pada kajian ini membahas bagaimana penggunaan rubu’ mujayyab dan astrolabe dalam hisab awal waktu salat serta bagaimana hasil komparasinya. Tulisan ini menggunakan penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui penelitian lapangan (field research) yaitu menggunakan rubu’ mujayyab dan astrolabe sebagai instrumen utamanya yang dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen. Data primer diperoleh langsung dari alat rubu’ mujayyab dan astrolabe dan data hasil praktek, sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari literatur yang berkaitan dengan obyek penelitian. Teknik analisis berupa metode analisis deskriptif dan metode analisis komparatif. Berdasarkan praktek lapangan, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa metode perhitungan menggunakan rubu’ mujayyab proses perhitunganya cukup panjang, sedangkan menggunakan astrolabe relatif singkat. Di mana keduanya diklasifikasikan dalam hisab taqribi. Komparasi antara rubu’ mujayyab dan astrolabe dengan acuan ephemeris terdapat selisih yakni 1-4 menit untuk rubu’ dan 1-3 menit untuk astrolabe.
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