Aspek hukum Bank Wakaf Mikro dalam pengentasan kemiskinan berbasis pesantren di Indonesia
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Abstract
Wakaf memainkan peran ekonomi dan sosial yang sangat penting dalam sejarah Islam. Wakaf berfungsi sebagai sumber pembiayaan bagi sarana ibadah, pendidikan, pelayanan sosial dan pertahanan. Banyak pengembangan sektor ekonomi Islam atau perbankan syariah yang dikaitkan dengan wakaf, tidak terkecuali di tahun 2017 Pemerintah bersama OJK menginisiasi adanya Bank Wakaf Mikro sebagai upaya menjawab permasalahan kemiskinan, yang bekerjasama dengan lembaga berbasis pesantren di Indonesia. Istilah Bank wakaf mikro dipilih karena pihak pemerintah mengharapkan agar inti dari dana yang disebar ke masyarakat tetap terjaga intinya tanpa mengurangi manfaatnya, selain itu dinamai Bank Wakaf Mikro dikarenakan operasi BWM ini berada di lingkungan pesantren. Selama perkembangannya BWM ini, menggunakan istilah bank wakaf mikro dalam penamaan lembaganya akan tetapi dari dasar hukum dan bentuk dari badan hukumnya justru sangat jauh dari penamaannya.Badan hukum dari BWM ini adalah Koperasi, sedangkan izin usaha BWM adalah lembaga keuangan mikro syariah sehingga pengawasannya berada di bawah Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative dengan menggunakan data sekunder dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif.
Kata kunci: Hukum, Bank, Wakaf, Mikro, Indonesia.
Abstract
Waqf plays a very important economic and social role in Islamic history, waqf serves as a source of funding for religious facilities, education, social services and defense. Many developments in the Islamic economic sector or Islamic banking are associated with waqf, not least in 2017 The Government and OJK initiated the Micro Waqf Bank as an effort to address the problem of poverty, in collaboration with pesantren-based institutions in Indonesia. The term micro waqf bank was chosen because the government expects that the core of the funds distributed to the community is maintained intact without reducing its benefits, besides it is named the Micro Endowment Bank because the BWM operation is in the pesantren environment. During the development of this BWM, the term micro waqf bank was used in naming its institutions, but from the legal basis and form of legal entities it was very far from naming it. under the Financial Services Authority (OJK). This study uses a normative juridical research method using secondary data using qualitative descriptive analysis.
Keywords: Law, Bank, Waqf, Micro, Indonesia.
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