Filantropi Islam Berbasis Harta Wakaf Masjid (Studi atas Model Pengelolaan Wakaf Masjid Agung Bersejarah di Jawa)
Keywords:
mosques waqf, nazhir, model of management, multifunctionAbstract
Abstraksi
Wakaf dan pengembangannya sebagai tatanan ajaran syariah Islam, sangatlah penting untuk dikaji guna mensejahterakan umat. Dalam konteks keindonesiaan khususnya Jawa tengah potensi harta wakaf sangat besar, namun masih belum berdampak besar terhadap kesejahteraan umat Islam. Harta wakaf di empat masjid bersejarah di Jawa, yakni masjid Agung Kendal, masjid al-Muttaqin Kaliwungu, Semarang dan Demak memiliki kesamaan akar sejarah dari kerajaan Islam di Jawa. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif yang dianalisa dari perspektif normatif baik dari perpsektif hukum Islam maupun hukum positif Undang-Undang Wakaf No. 41 Tahun 2004. Penemuan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pengelolaan wakaf masjid Agung di Jawa masih dominan model “apa adanya†dan lebih tertutup dengan pembaharuan regulasi. Harta wakaf di kedua masjid Agung Semarang dengan masjid Agung Demak tampak lebih adaptif. Dari sisi peruntukkan wakaf lebih luas pada harta wakaf yang dikelola oleh nazhir BKM Depag daripada wakaf yang dikelola oleh nazhir kelembagaan takmir masjid yang hasil pengelolaannya lebih berorientasi pemeliharaan masjid.
Abstract
Waqf and its development as a teaching of Islamic law (syari’ah) is urgently studied because it can develop ummah. In Indonesia context, especially in Central Java, the potential of waqf is very big, but it still cannot give many impacts for Islamic society welfare. The waqf asset at four historical great mosques; at Kaliwungu, Kendal, Semarang and Demak in Central Java have a similar history from the kingdom of Java. This study may be considered sosio-legal research into Islamic law. It is qualitative research supported by an academic approach. The data were analysed from Islamic law and positive law, waqf law No. 41 year 2004. The finding in this study is a model of the Great Mosque waqf management in Java were still as it is form “apa adanya†and closed from the renew of regulation either on its orientation of waqf or models of productive improvement. Both waqf property in Semarang Great Mosque with Grand Mosque Demak seem more adaptive. In term of broader endowments designated on waqf property managed by BKM Nazhir MORA than endowments managed by institutional Nazhir takmir mosque result-oriented management of maintenance of mosques.
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